The first wave of new energy vehicle battery retirements is coming, this problem is very "thorny"
For a new battery, the whole process will cost about 60,000 yuan. "With a little more money, I can directly buy a new car." This made Liu Gong, a new energy car owner, a little "sick". After all, the price of this new energy vehicle 5 years ago was only more than 100,000 yuan after subsidies.
The mileage of this car has exceeded 150,000 kilometers, and the original advertised mileage of 300 kilometers "can't even run half of it now".
테스트 후 이 자동차의 전원 리튬이온 배터리 용량은{0}% 70% 미만으로 떨어졌습니다. 제조업체에서 약속한 8년 또는 150km{4}} 보증 기간을 초과했기 때문에 Liu Gong은 자비로 배터리를 교체할 수 밖에 없습니다.
How much can I depreciate an old battery? The method given by the 4S store is very disappointing. If the repurchase by the 4S store is "almost equal to a free gift". The staff said "you can also handle it yourself", but how do you handle it yourself? Liu Gong was at a loss.
The recycling and disposal of used batteries for new energy vehicles is only a small problem in Liu Gong's life, but it is a major problem that must be solved in the development of my country's new energy vehicle industry.
With the help of various forces such as policies and capital, my country's new energy vehicle industry has been rushing all the way in recent years. The latest data from the my country Association of Automobile Manufacturers shows that from January to October this year, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in my country were 2.566 million and 2.542 million respectively, with a cumulative sales penetration rate of 12.1 percent . This means that for every 8 vehicles sold in my country, 1 is a new energy vehicle.
While the production and sales of new energy vehicles are booming, the first batch of new energy vehicles put into the market, their power lithium-ion batteries are facing "retirement". According to the data, it is estimated that by 2025, the cumulative decommissioning of power lithium-ion batteries in my country will be close to 800,000 tons.
How to deal with retired batteries has become an imminent development problem for the new energy vehicle industry. Driven by the "dual carbon" goal, battery recycling has become a new industry outlet. In the face of the huge potential market size, how to do a good job in battery recycling and improve the level of resource recycling? There is still a need to improve the industrial chain, and what are the "blocking points" that need to be solved urgently?
1. The "white list" can't spell the "black workshop"
전력 리튬{0}}이온 배터리는 신에너지 자동차의 3가지 핵심 구성요소 중 하나입니다. 성능은 차량의 안전성과 항속거리를 직접적으로 좌우하며, 비용은 차량의 약 40%를 차지한다.
전원 리튬{0}}이온 배터리의 서비스 수명 관점에서 볼 때 전원 리튬{1}}이온 배터리의 서비스 수명은 일반적으로 5-8년이고 유효 수명은 4{{ 6}}6년. China Merchants Securities Research Report의 분석에 따르면 전원 리튬 이온 배터리의 수명이 4-6년이면 2014년에 생산된 전원 리튬 이온 배터리는 일괄적으로 폐기 기간에 들어갑니다. 2018. 2021년부터 우리나라는 첫 번째 전력 리튬 이온 배터리가 폐기되는 피크 시기를 맞이할 것으로 예상됩니다.
폐기 후 배터리는 어디로 가야 합니까?
이상적인 전원 리튬{0}} 배터리 재활용 모드에는 캐스케이드 활용과 원자재 회수 및 추출이라는 두 가지 경로가 있습니다. 전자는 폐기된 전원 리튬이온 배터리를 분해 및 재결합하여 에너지 저장 및 기타 높은 배터리 에너지 밀도를 필요로 하지 않는 분야에 적용하는 것입니다. 후자는 폐기된 배터리에서 코발트, 니켈과 같은 값비싼 금속 재료를 추출하는 것입니다.
Zhuhai Zhongli New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.의 부사장 Guo Wenhui에 따르면 배터리가 전기 자동차의 성능 요구 사항을 충족하지 못하고 폐기되면 배터리 모양과 성능이 평가되고 테스트되며 해당 개혁은 이를 바탕으로 수행된다. 그 후 그리드 에너지 저장 및 저속 전기 자동차와 같이 높은 배터리 성능이 필요하지 않은 다른 시나리오에서{0}사용할 수 있습니다.
다운그레이드할 수 없고 계속 사용할 수 있는 전원 리튬{0}}이온 배터리의 경우 재활용이 최종 목적지입니다. 배터리 모듈을 미세하게 분해한 후 폴피스 파쇄 장치에 넣은 다음 니켈, 코발트, 리튬과 같은 금속 재료를 추출하여 탄산리튬 및 기타 제품을 만들어 새로운 제품 생산에 재사용할 수 있습니다. 자원 재활용을 실현하는 배터리.
In order to ensure the recovery of power lithium-ion batteries, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced the "Interim Measures for the Management of Recycling and Utilization of Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles" in 2018, requiring automobile production companies to assume the main responsibility for power lithium-ion battery recycling.
Since 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has successively announced two batches of 26 companies that have entered into the list of "standard conditions for the comprehensive utilization of waste power batteries for new energy vehicles", commonly known as the "white list".
But the reality is that the "white list" cannot compete with the "black workshop" - a large number of retired power lithium-ion batteries flow into informal channels such as small workshops, bringing security and environmental risks.
How to "find" retired power lithium-ion battery recyclers online? After a reporter from Science and Technology Daily tried multiple keyword searches on online platforms such as Baidu, Taobao and even Xianyu to no avail, "car chassis recycling" finally surfaced. Most of the cover pictures found are densely stacked power lithium-ion battery modules, which are covered by the phone number and WeChat account of the recycler. The price of the product varies greatly, but in the detailed introduction, it is stated that all kinds of power can be recovered on-site nationwide. Lithium-ion batteries, "the price is large and the quantity is favored".
웹페이지 스크린샷
The reporter consulted some of the merchants with Liu Gong's new energy vehicle battery model. Most merchants said that the specific price depends on the battery condition. One of them gave no less than "100 yuan per kilowatt hour" The price exceeded the price quoted by the 4S shop to Liu Gong. But without exception, all merchants are not on the "white list".
Data in 2018 showed that the total amount of power lithium-ion batteries retired that year reached 74,000 tons, but the first five "whitelist" companies in the country that year only recycled about 5,000 tons of power lithium-ion batteries, and the remaining 6 More than 10,000 tons of power lithium-ion batteries are "unaccounted for", most of which have flowed to companies outside the "white list".
전원 리튬{0}}이온 배터리 재활용 실무자는 기자에게 전원 리튬{1}}이온 배터리를 취급하는 일부 회사에 대해 배운 내용을 설명했습니다. 자동차에서 제거된 전원 리튬{2}}배터리 모듈은 탁 트인 들판에 쌓인 먼지와 전기 드릴, 스크루드라이버, 렌치가 흩어져 있었습니다. 첫 번째는 수작업으로 폭력적인 분해를 거친 후 보다 간단하고 무례한 파쇄 과정을 거쳤습니다. 보호.
작동 안전 외에도 경계하는 것이 훨씬 더 중요합니다. 일부 전문가들은 20{3}g의 휴대전화 배터리가 약 50년 동안 1제곱킬로미터의 땅을 오염시킬 수 있다고 말합니다. 더 크고 무거운 전기 자동차 전원 리튬 이온 배터리에는 니켈과 코발트가 포함되어 있습니다. , 망간 및 기타 중금속, 전해질의 육불화인산리튬은 대기 환경에서 쉽게 가수분해되어 오불화인, 불화수소 및 기타 유해 물질을 생성하여 환경에 더 큰 위협이 될 수 있습니다.
리튬 이온 배터리를 분해 및 분쇄하는 과정에서{0}일부 소규모 작업장에서는 배기 가스, 폐액 및 폐기물 잔류물을 처리하지 않거나 임의로 배출하지 않습니다. 분해 과정에서 여전히 폭발의 위험이 있습니다.
"If the recycling supervision system is not improved as soon as possible, and the flow of scrapped power lithium-ion batteries is strictly controlled, it will bring environmental protection and safety hazards, and even affect the healthy development of the new energy vehicle industry." The relevant person in charge of the power lithium-ion battery manufacturer CATL is accepting reporters said in an interview.
2. It is difficult for the regular army to make money because of "not enough to eat"
Why can't the regular army "beat" small workshops? In fact, becoming a "whitelisted" company is not easy.
In the dismantling process, the battery pack intelligent dismantling system, the battery automatic cutting device, as well as the 2-3 level absorption towers, bag filter, tail gas incineration system, waste water treatment facilities that meet environmental protection requirements are used... Ganfeng Circulation Technology Co., Ltd. It is a company on the "white list", and its person in charge, Xie Shaozhong, detailed the company's investment in standardized processing to reporters one by one.
높은 투자 비용으로 인해 일반 회사가 재활용 측면에서 소규모 작업장 회사와 직접 경쟁하는 것도 불가능합니다. 일반 회사는 기술 및 환경 보호에 많은 투자를 하는 반면{0}비표준 회사와 소규모 작업장은 이와 관련하여 투자가 거의 없으며 더 높은 가격에 배터리를 구입할 수 있습니다.
"We must meet more than 50 evaluation conditions before we can enter the 'white list'. In 2019, we spent several million yuan on the upgrade and transformation of the plant." Wang Xiaopeng, director of the energy integration department of Blue Valley Smart (Beijing) Energy Technology Co., Ltd., said bluntly , At present, the price of power lithium-ion battery recycling is chaotic, and the company is at a disadvantage due to cost constraints.
Zhang Qinhong, head of the recycling industry team and associate researcher of the Shanghai Jiaotong University Industry Research Institute, has conducted research on the power lithium-ion battery recycling industry. As far as he knows, companies that apply power lithium-ion batteries most often use a centralized way to handle batteries. However, usually only larger companies will conduct qualification review of the recycling and processing companies participating in the bidding; small companies generally do not require strict requirements, "may be given to whoever has the highest price."
위에서 언급한{0}}Ningde Times 담당자는 기자들에게 현재 폐기 기간에 들어가는 차량은 기본적으로 시장에 일찍 진입하여 의무 폐기 기간에 도달한 전기 버스와 택시라고 말했습니다. 이전에 폐기된 전원 리튬 이온 배터리의 폐기 방식은{1}}운영 회사가 더 높은 입찰가를 제시한 회사나 개인에게 배터리를 재판매하는 것이었습니다.
This led to the regular army "not getting enough to eat".
"At present, there is no gap in the recycling and disposal of power lithium-ion batteries in my country." At the my country Electric Vehicle Hundred People's Forum held at the beginning of this year, Bao Wei, general manager of Zhejiang Huayou Cycle Technology Co., Ltd., one of the "whitelist" companies, bluntly said that my country's power The problem facing the lithium-ion battery recycling industry is not a lack of production, but a limited number of batteries that can be recycled. According to Bao Wei's statistics, only the first five companies on the "white list" can handle 600,000 tons, which is more than enough to deal with the current scrap of more than 200,000 tons.
Xie Shaozhong also agrees with this point, "At present, most of the recovered power lithium-ion batteries come from scraps of battery factories and scrapped batteries in the production process, and there are not many retired batteries for new energy vehicles that can be obtained."
However, Guo Wenhui believes that the expansion of the market scale is a matter of time. "Our designed output at full production is 200,000 tons, and about 10 percent of it has been put into production. There is still a lot of room, but the premise is to crack down on small workshops and standardize the industrial chain. ".
Guo Wenhui와 다른 사람들은 진정한 은퇴의 도래를 고대하고 있습니다.
"The early power lithium-ion battery industry was small in scale, and it was not recorded in the national traceability control system. After entering the market, it was circulated in many ways, resulting in most of the used power lithium-ion batteries not returning to the formal recycling channels, which greatly affected the battery recycling standard company. Business development." The above-mentioned person in charge of CATL said.
그는 또한 현재 재생 전력 리튬{0}}이온 배터리가 주로 리튬 인산철 배터리로, 귀금속 및 재료 함량이 낮고 재활용 경제적 이점이 낮고 손실 가능성까지 있다고 강조했습니다. 및 삼원 리튬{1}}이온 배터리. 다량의 귀금속 및 자재를 함유하고 있으며 재활용의 경제적 이점은 좋지만 시장 진입 시간이 짧고 아직 폐기 기간에 진입하지 않았습니다.
이러한 요인들이 함께 일반 배터리 재활용 및 처리 회사가 수익을 창출하는 것을 어렵게 만들고 아직 건전한 개발 궤도에 진입하지 못했습니다.
3. 블루오션 진입을 위해서는 산업적 시너지가 필요하다
In any case, with the rapid development of new energy electric vehicles, the power lithium-ion battery recycling industry has become a "conspicuous science" at present, and a blue ocean is placed in front of the company.
Tesla, CATL, BYD 및 기타 대기업은 이미 준비하고 있으며 시도하기를 열망하고 있습니다.
On October 12, Ningde Times announced that Guangdong Bangpu Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., one of its group holding subsidiaries and one of the "whitelist" companies, and its holding subsidiary, plan to open a new factory in Yaojiagang Chemical Industry, Yichang City, Hubei Province. The Yuantianjiahe area invested in the construction of the Bangpu Integrated Battery Materials Industrial Park project, with a total investment of no more than RMB 32 billion.
On the recycling side, in addition to cooperating with car manufacturers to recycle batteries, many companies are also stepping up the layout and construction of their own recycling systems. Xie Shaozhong said that his company's next step is to establish recycling outlets across the country, and establish recycling and dismantling outlets in the Pearl River Delta, North China, Southwest and other areas where power lithium-ion batteries are densely populated, dismantling and breaking the batteries on the spot, and only transporting and recycling them. The resulting raw materials, thus preventing the safety risks and capital costs of long-distance transportation of batteries. According to data from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as of the end of September this year, 171 new energy vehicle production and comprehensive utilization companies have set up 9,985 recycling service outlets in 31 provinces and municipalities across the country.
전원 리튬{0}}이온 배터리 재활용 산업은 배터리 제조업체에서 최종 사용 회사에 이르기까지 많은 범위와 긴 산업 체인을 보유하고 있습니다. 이 블루오션을 효과적으로 개발하기 위해서는 업스트림과 다운스트림 기업이 협력해야 합니다.
Zhang Qinhong believes that the current phenomenon of "talking about each other" within the industry has caused uncertainty in the safety and reliability of power lithium-ion batteries in the process of utilization to a certain extent, "which hinders the promotion of the cascade utilization product market."
In response to the sharing of data and information of power lithium-ion batteries, Bao Wei called for unity in the industry, "upstream automobile and battery manufacturers should share battery data with downstream recycling companies to improve recycling efficiency."
It is reported that a number of related companies have started joint actions to maintain the industry ecology. On July 16, nine key new energy vehicle and battery production companies, including Geely Group, Zhejiang Tianneng, and Zhejiang Chaowei, issued a joint statement calling for "boycott of small workshops." They stated that they will restrict bidding companies in the process of waste power lithium-ion batteries and must be listed on the "white list" to prevent middlemen and small workshop companies from participating in the bidding; at the same time, they call on new energy vehicle and power lithium-ion battery manufacturers across the country to comply with them and regulate waste The flow channel of the power lithium-ion battery.
This is regarded as the official start of the industry to "declare war" on the gray industry chain of power lithium-ion battery recycling and disposal represented by small workshop companies.
4. 관련 정책은 여전히 개선되고 구현되어야 합니다.
Guo Wenhui took the "dual carbon" goal as an opportunity, "One of the goals of the power lithium-ion battery recycling industry is to reduce carbon emissions. less".
Xie Shaozhong also believes that the new energy vehicle industry will usher in further development under the background of "dual carbon", and the resulting large number of retired power lithium-ion batteries will also embark on the road of standardized treatment, which is for related companies. It means huge market potential; at the same time, he also hopes that with the gradual maturity of related mechanisms such as the carbon trading market in the future, normative companies can take the lead in the "carbon" economy.
Zhang Qinhong said that under the "dual carbon" goal, measuring the value of the power lithium-ion battery recycling industry should not just look at the eyes. "In the current market environment, the environmental protection value in the industry has not been reflected, which makes the industry seem to be less competitive. However, as a 'carbon reduction' industry, its future industrial value will gradually emerge, which requires appropriate policy guidance, support," he said.
In addition, the rapid development of the new energy electric vehicle industry in the future will tighten the constraints on battery raw material resources such as lithium, cobalt and nickel. "my country's cobalt resources are in short supply, and 95 percent of its demand depends on imports, most of which are It is used to manufacture power lithium-ion batteries." Zhang Qinhong believes that in this case, it is more important to develop the power lithium-ion battery recycling industry, promote the recycling of battery metal raw materials, and reduce the dependence on source mineral resources.
