전원 리튬 배터리 재활용 산업의 기회가 온다
The first batch of new energy vehicle power batteries put into the market in my country will soon usher in a centralized scrapping period. According to data released by market research institutions, in 2016, the scrapped power battery in my country was about 12,000 tons, and by 2020, this number is expected to surge to about 248,000 tons. The centralized "retirement" of used power batteries has brought a window of opportunity to the recycling industry.
However, it is not easy to realize this "benefit". Immature technology, non-standard processing, and inadequate supervision may erode development dividends. It is imperative to establish a mature and efficient recycling system.
"Scrap wave" brings opportunities for power battery recycling industry
The Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Commission announced that, in addition to retaining some non-pure electric vehicles as emergency transport capacity, all the city's franchised public transport vehicles have been fully electric. By 2020, Shenzhen will also achieve 100 percent electrification of taxis.
This is a microcosm of my country's move towards a big country in the production and sales of new energy vehicles. Since 2014, my country's new energy vehicle market has shown a rapid development trend. As of the end of 2017, the number of new energy vehicles in the country reached 1.53 million.
However, another fact worthy of attention is that the on-board power battery will usher in a centralized scrapping period in the next few years. "Our analysis believes that after 2018, the scale of domestic retired power batteries will increase rapidly." said Bai Min, an assistant researcher at the International Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
폐전원 배터리의 재활용은 매우 중요합니다. 한편으로는 배터리 원료의 재활용 수준을 향상시킬 수 있고 다른 한편으로는 폐전원 배터리가 인간과 환경에 미치는 잠재적인 피해를 피할 수 있습니다. .
A person in charge of a new energy vehicle manufacturing company told reporters that, unlike lead-acid batteries that contain heavy metals and are toxic and harmful in the past, lithium batteries commonly used in new energy vehicles are relatively less harmful to the environment. Copper, cobalt, lithium and other metals in batteries have higher economic value. Under the regulation of the market mechanism, waste power batteries will be favored by recycling companies. "Lithium batteries are full of treasures, and I'm not afraid that no one will handle them."
"Economic accounts" cannot be simply calculated, beware that industrial opportunities become social problems
——Immature industrialization technology squeezes profit space. Zhang Changling, a senior engineer at China Automotive Technology Research Center, believes that at present, key technologies such as power battery retirement judgment standards and detection technology, residual value evaluation technology of batteries that can be used in cascade, automatic dismantling of single battery and material sorting technology are not mature enough. Battery recycling companies still use manual dismantling or traditional recycling processes. According to estimates, a power battery recycling enterprise using traditional technology, recycling 1 ton of waste lithium iron phosphate power battery is not only unprofitable, but may lose money.
- 리튬 배터리를 부적절하게 취급하면 폭발 및 오염의 위험이 있습니다. Zhang Zheming 중국과학원 선전종합기술원 부연구원은 리튬 배터리가 상대적으로 환경 친화적이지만 가공 과정에서 인체와 환경에 해를 끼치지 않는다는 의미는 아니라고 말했다. 배터리가 어느 정도 소모되거나 운송 중 충돌이 발생한 경우 단락이 발생하여 배터리가 쉽게 폭발할 수 있습니다.
——The flow of some batteries lacks supervision, which can easily lead to "bad money drives out good money". Information from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shows that since 2015, China Tower Corporation has built 57 decommissioned battery cascade utilization test sites in 9 provinces and cities including Heilongjiang and Tianjin. Various usage scenarios such as backup power, peak shaving and valley filling, and microgrid. However, Bai Min reminded that some used power batteries may also flow to informal recycling companies. Through simple dismantling, these companies resell some of the batteries to users in other fields, such as low-speed electric vehicles and electric toy manufacturers.
성숙하고 효율적인 재활용 시스템 구축이 시급합니다.
First, speed up the formulation of more detailed and detailed industry standards. On December 1, 2017, the "Vehicle Power Battery Recycling and Dismantling Specifications" was implemented, and another important standard "Vehicle Power Battery Recycling and Utilization Residual Energy Testing" was also implemented on February 1, 2018. However, some details still haunt related companies, and experts have called for more detailed standards. Research shows that, taking the transportation of used batteries as an example, if the transportation is carried out according to the standard of hazardous waste, it will not only take a long time for approval for inter-provincial transportation, but also require special vehicles for transportation, and the cost will increase exponentially.
둘째, 재활용 전문 기업 연합이 재활용 네트워크를 더욱 통합하는 데 앞장서고 있습니다. 배터리 재활용은 소비자, 딜러, 자동차 회사 등 여러 연결 고리를 포함하며 많은 인적, 물적 자원이 필요합니다. 서로 다른 회사에서 자체 재활용 시스템을 구축하면 중복 공사가 발생하고 재활용 효율성에 영향을 미칩니다. Zhang Zheming 및 Bai Min과 같은 전문가들은 모두 생산자가 확장된 책임을 진다는 전제 하에 전문적인 폐배터리 재활용 및 처리 기업에 주로 의존하고 널리 인정받는 협회 및 연합이 이끄는 국가 통합 재활용 네트워크를 구축해야 한다고 제안했습니다.
셋째, 배터리 코드 추적 시스템을 구축하여 위반 사항에 대한 감독을 강화합니다. 중국 지구과학대학(베이징) 인문경제경영대학 부교수인 Ge Jianping은 가능한 한 빨리 전원 배터리 코딩에 대한 의무 표준을 수립하고 전원 배터리 데이터베이스를 구축해야 한다고 제안했습니다. 산업정보기술부, 공상부, 환경부서가 합동 감독부대를 구성하여 불법적으로 전원 배터리를 재활용하고 폐기하는 소규모 작업장을 단호히 처벌해야 합니다.
